HOW,WHAT,WHY,EAGER,EFFICIENCY,BEHIND :- COLLIDERS ?

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  COLLIDERS



SERIES NAME: - "H.W.W.E.E.B"  BY = CHITEKI KUN!-(N.S.R)
















Making it!



1.Antimatter at CERN:-

Antimatter is produced in many experiments at CERN. In collisions at the Large Hadron Collider the antiparticles that are produced cannot be trapped because of their very high energy - they annihilate harmlessly in the detectors. The Antiproton Decelerator at CERN produces much slower antiprotons that can be trapped. These antiprotons can then be studied to explore questions such as: do antiparticles fall upwards?














2.Antimatter production in practice:-

At CERN, protons with an energy of 26 GeV (about 30 times their mass at rest) collide with nuclei inside a metal cylinder called a target. About four proton-antiproton pairs are produced in every million collisions. The antiprotons are separated from other particles using magnetic fields and are guided to the Antiproton Decelerator, where they are slowed down from 96% to 10% of the speed of light. They are ejected and run through beam pipes into experiments to be trapped and stored.













3.Your body emits antimatter!:-

The body of a person weighing 80 kg emits 180 positrons per hour! This comes from the decay of potassium-40, a naturally occurring isotope that is ingested by drinking water, eating food and breathing.Even if CERN used its accelerators only for making antimatter, it could produce no more than about 1 billionth of a gram per year. To make 1 g of antimatter - the amount made by Vetra in the movie - would therefore take about 1 billion years.The total amount of antimatter produced in CERN’s history is less than 10 nanograms - containing only enough energy to power a 60 W light bulb for 4 hours.












4.The cost of antimatter:-

The efficiency of antimatter production and storage is very low. About 1 billion times more energy is required to make antimatter than is finally contained in its mass. Using E = mc2, we find that 1 gram of antimatter contains:-

0.001 kg x (300,000,000 m/s)2 = 90,000 GJ = 25 million kWh

Taking into account the low production efficiency, it would need 25 million billion kWh to make one single gram! Even at a discount price for electric power, this would cost more than a million billion Euros!








Trapping it!




In order to study antimatter it has to be kept separate from matter, to prevent it from annihilating. Electrically-charged antimatter can be trapped in a device called a Penning trap.










The Penning trap requires an ultrahigh vacuum. Inside the trap, magnetic fields force the charged antiparticles to spiral around the magnetic field lines, and electric fields confine them along the magnetic axis.

This Penning trap has been used to trap electrically charged antiparticles (antiprotons) at CERN. The antiprotons were combined with positrons to produce antihydrogen atoms.



BARLEY IT RESISTED NEARLY 16MINS OF TRPPING ANTIMATTER AT C.E.R.N




for more info tap on vedio












TO BE CONTINUED 




WITH
BLACK HOLES




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